Aurelia aurita or Aurelia coerulea - Moon jellyfish - Oorkwal

Aurelia aurita  (Linnaeus, 1758) or Aurelia coerulea  von Lendenfeld, 1884*

(kind of) Moon jellyfish - (soort) Oorkwal

Dreischor - Kokrif, the Netherlands, 25-4-2018.**

Den Osse - Nieuwe Kerkweg, the Netherlands, 12-4-2017.**

Den Osse - Nieuwe Kerkweg, the Netherlands, 5-4-2011.**

Bergse Diepsluis, the Netherlands, 24-5-2013.**

Slikken van Flakkee, the Netherlands, 18-8-2022.

Slikken van Flakkee, the Netherlands, 18-8-2022.

Slikken van Flakkee, the Netherlands, 18-8-2022. Specimen A.

Slikken van Flakkee, the Netherlands, 18-8-2022. Specimen A.

Slikken van Flakkee, the Netherlands, 18-8-2022.

Bergse Diepsluis, the Netherlands, 28-5-2020.

Slikken van Flakkee, the Netherlands, 18-8-2022.

Slikken van Flakkee, the Netherlands, 18-8-2022.

Slikken van Flakkee, the Netherlands, 18-8-2022.

Slikken van Flakkee, the Netherlands, 18-8-2022.

Slikken van Flakkee, the Netherlands, 18-8-2022.

Bergse Diepsluis, the Netherlands, 28-5-2020.

Dreischor - Kokrif, the Netherlands, 14-7-2014. Female spreading eggs.**

Bergse Diepsluis, the Netherlands, 24-5-2013. With Hyperia galba.**

Springersdiep, the Netherlands, 9-6-2025. With Hyperia galba.

Slikken van Flakkee, the Netherlands, 9-8-2023. Specimen with flipped hood.

Bergse Diepsluis, the Netherlands, 20-10-2022. Polyp specimens B.

Bergse Diepsluis, the Netherlands, 20-10-2022. Polyp specimens B.

Dreischor - Kokrif, the Netherlands, 22-10-2010. Polyp specimens C.**

Dreischor - Kokrif, the Netherlands, 22-10-2010. Polyp specimens C.**

Dreischor - Kokrif, the Netherlands, 3-12-2015. Polyps.**

Wemeldinge - haven, the Netherlands, 25-2-2023. In vitro photo ephyra specimen D, L: 2.5 mm, 8-3-2023.

Wemeldinge - haven, the Netherlands, 25-2-2023. Montage in vitro photos ephyra specimen D, 8-3-2023.

Blokkendam, the Netherlands, 27-6-2017. Tritia reticulata feeding on Aurelia aurita.**

Vuilnisbelt, the Netherlands, 20-7-2020. Cylista troglodytes and Polybius holsatus feeding on Aurelia.

Dreischor - Kokrif, the Netherlands, 14-7-2014. Metridium senile trying to catch an Aurelia.**

Slikken van Flakkee, the Netherlands, 1-8-2022. Sagartia undata devouring an Aurelia. 

* In the Netherlands both species are found since the summer of 2020. Studies show that both Aurelia species can hardly be distinguished from each other based on only morphological characters. 

Publication: Gittenberger, A.; Rensing, M.; Faasse, M.; van Walraven, L.; Smolders, S.; Keeler Perez, H.; Gittenberger, E. Non-Indigenous Species Dynamics in Time and Space within the Coastal Waters of TheNetherlands. Diversity 2023, 15, 719. https://doi.org/10.3390/d15060719

** Considering the date of the photo, this is very likely Aurelia aurita. 

Nereis species - epitoke

Nereis species  Linnaeus, 1758

Ragworm species - soort Zager

Epitoke*: not identified

*Epitoky is a process that occurs in many species of polychaete marine worms wherein a sexually immature worm (the atoke) is modified or transformed into a sexually mature worm (the epitoke). Epitokes are pelagic morphs capable of sexual reproduction.Unlike the immature form, which is typically benthic (lives on the bottom), epitokes are specialized for swimming as well as reproducing. The primary benefit to epitoky is increased chances of finding other members of the same species for reproduction. (Wikipedia)

't Koepeltje, Grevelingenmeer, the Netherlands, 24-6-2019. In vitro photo: specimen A, L: 25 mm and specimen B, L: 30 mm, 25-6-2019.

't Koepeltje, Grevelingenmeer, the Netherlands, 24-6-2019. In vitro photo specimen A, L: 25 mm with a single egg, 25-6-2019.

't Koepeltje, Grevelingenmeer, the Netherlands, 24-6-2019. In vitro photo specimen B, L: 30 mm, 25-6-2019.

Dreischor - Kokrif, Grevelingenmeer, the Netherlands, 10-6-2020. In vitro photo specimen C, L: 32 mm, 12-6-2020.

Dreischor - Kokrif, Grevelingenmeer, the Netherlands, 10-6-2020. In vitro photo specimen C, L: 32 mm, 12-6-2020.

Dreischor - Kokrif, Grevelingenmeer, the Netherlands, 10-6-2020. In vitro photo specimen C, L: 32 mm, 13-6-2020.

Dreischor - Kokrif, Grevelingenmeer, the Netherlands, 10-6-2020. In vitro photo specimen C, L: 32 mm, 13-6-2020.

't Koepeltje, Grevelingenmeer, the Netherlands, 24-6-2019. In vitro photo eggs, 25-6-2019.

't Koepeltje, Grevelingenmeer, the Netherlands, 24-6-2019. In vitro photo eggs, 27-6-2019.

't Koepeltje, Grevelingenmeer, the Netherlands, 24-6-2019. 

Dreischor - Kokrif, Grevelingenmeer, the Netherlands, 10-6-2020. Captured by Metridium senile (Plumose anemone - Zeeanjelier).

Dreischor - Kokrif, Grevelingenmeer, the Netherlands, 10-6-2020. Captured by Metridium senile (Plumose anemone - Zeeanjelier).

Dreischor - Kokrif, Grevelingenmeer, the Netherlands, 10-6-2020. Captured by Metridium senile (Plumose anemone - Zeeanjelier).